AustralieFrV1, Main, Exploration, bibRecord, 003360

Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds

Identifieur interne : 003360 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 003359; suivant : 003361

Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds

Source :

Science (New York, N.Y.) [ 0036-8075 ] ; 2014.

RBID : PMC:4405904

Descripteurs français

KwdFr :
- Analyse de séquence d'ADN, Animaux, Gènes, Génome, Introns, Mutation de type INDEL, Oiseaux (), Oiseaux (génétique), Phylogénie, Protéines aviaires (génétique), Spéciation génétique, Séquence nucléotidique, Éléments transposables d'ADN, Évolution biologique.
MESH :
- génétique : Oiseaux, Protéines aviaires.
- Analyse de séquence d'ADN, Animaux, Gènes, Génome, Introns, Mutation de type INDEL, Oiseaux, Phylogénie, Spéciation génétique, Séquence nucléotidique, Éléments transposables d'ADN, Évolution biologique.

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- Animals, Avian Proteins (genetics), Base Sequence, Biological Evolution, Birds (classification), Birds (genetics), DNA Transposable Elements, Genes, Genetic Speciation, Genome, INDEL Mutation, Introns, Phylogeny, Sequence Analysis, DNA.
MESH :
- chemical , genetics : Avian Proteins.
- classification : Birds.
- genetics : Birds.
- Animals, Base Sequence, Biological Evolution, DNA Transposable Elements, Genes, Genetic Speciation, Genome, INDEL Mutation, Introns, Phylogeny, Sequence Analysis, DNA.

Abstract

To better determine the history of modern birds, we performed a genome-scale phylogenetic analysis of 48 species representing all orders of Neoaves using phylogenomic methods created to handle genome-scale data. We recovered a highly resolved tree that confirms previously controversial sister or close relationships. We identified the first divergence in Neoaves, two groups we named Passerea and Columbea, representing independent lineages of diverse and convergently evolved land and water bird species. Among Passerea, we infer the common ancestor of core landbirds to have been an apex predator and confirm independent gains of vocal learning. Among Columbea, we identify pigeons and flamingoes as belonging to sister clades. Even with whole genomes, some of the earliest branches in Neoaves proved challenging to resolve, which was best explained by massive protein-coding sequence convergence and high levels of incomplete lineage sorting that occurred during a rapid radiation after the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event about 66 million years ago.

Url:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4405904

DOI: 10.1126/science.1253451
PubMed: 25504713
PubMed Central: 4405904

Affiliations:

Le document en format XML

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<author><name sortKey="Rekepalli, Bhanu" sort="Rekepalli, Bhanu" uniqKey="Rekepalli B" first="Bhanu" last="Rekepalli">Bhanu Rekepalli</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A20">Joint Institute for Computational Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Joint Institute for Computational Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Tennessee</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Munch, Kasper" sort="Munch, Kasper" uniqKey="Munch K" first="Kasper" last="Munch">Kasper Munch</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A21">Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>DK-8000 Aarhus C</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schierup, Mikkel" sort="Schierup, Mikkel" uniqKey="Schierup M" first="Mikkel" last="Schierup">Mikkel Schierup</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A21">Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>DK-8000 Aarhus C</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lindow, Bent" sort="Lindow, Bent" uniqKey="Lindow B" first="Bent" last="Lindow">Bent Lindow</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A6">Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Warren, Wesley C" sort="Warren, Wesley C" uniqKey="Warren W" first="Wesley C." last="Warren">Wesley C. Warren</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A22">The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MI 63108, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MI 63108</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Michigan</region>
<settlement type="city">Saint-Louis (Missouri)</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">École de médecine (Université Washington de Saint-Louis)</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ray, David" sort="Ray, David" uniqKey="Ray D" first="David" last="Ray">David Ray</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A23">Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État du Mississippi</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A24">Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État du Mississippi</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A25">Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Texas</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Green, Richard E" sort="Green, Richard E" uniqKey="Green R" first="Richard E." last="Green">Richard E. Green</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A26">Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC), Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC), Santa Cruz, CA 95064</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bruford, Michael W" sort="Bruford, Michael W" uniqKey="Bruford M" first="Michael W." last="Bruford">Michael W. Bruford</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A27">Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Wales</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhan, Xiangjiang" sort="Zhan, Xiangjiang" uniqKey="Zhan X" first="Xiangjiang" last="Zhan">Xiangjiang Zhan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A27">Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Wales</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A28">Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dixon, Andrew" sort="Dixon, Andrew" uniqKey="Dixon A" first="Andrew" last="Dixon">Andrew Dixon</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A29">International Wildlife Consultants, Carmarthen SA33 5YL, Wales, UK.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>International Wildlife Consultants, Carmarthen SA33 5YL, Wales</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Wales</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Shengbin" sort="Li, Shengbin" uniqKey="Li S" first="Shengbin" last="Li">Shengbin Li</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A30">College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an, 710061, China.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an, 710061</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>710061</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Ning" sort="Li, Ning" uniqKey="Li N" first="Ning" last="Li">Ning Li</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A31">State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Huang, Yinhua" sort="Huang, Yinhua" uniqKey="Huang Y" first="Yinhua" last="Huang">Yinhua Huang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A31">State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Derryberry, Elizabeth P" sort="Derryberry, Elizabeth P" uniqKey="Derryberry E" first="Elizabeth P." last="Derryberry">Elizabeth P. Derryberry</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A32">Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Louisiane</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A33">Museum of Natural Science and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Museum of Natural Science and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Louisiane</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bertelsen, Mads Frost" sort="Bertelsen, Mads Frost" uniqKey="Bertelsen M" first="Mads Frost" last="Bertelsen">Mads Frost Bertelsen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A34">Center for Zoo and Wild Animal Health, Copenhagen Zoo Roskildevej 38, DK-2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Zoo and Wild Animal Health, Copenhagen Zoo Roskildevej 38, DK-2000 Frederiksberg</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>DK-2000 Frederiksberg</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sheldon, Frederick H" sort="Sheldon, Frederick H" uniqKey="Sheldon F" first="Frederick H." last="Sheldon">Frederick H. Sheldon</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A33">Museum of Natural Science and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Museum of Natural Science and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Louisiane</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brumfield, Robb T" sort="Brumfield, Robb T" uniqKey="Brumfield R" first="Robb T." last="Brumfield">Robb T. Brumfield</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A33">Museum of Natural Science and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Museum of Natural Science and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Louisiane</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mello, Claudio V" sort="Mello, Claudio V" uniqKey="Mello C" first="Claudio V." last="Mello">Claudio V. Mello</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A35">Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Oregon</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A36">Brazilian Avian Genome Consortium (CNPq/FAPESPA-SISBIO Aves), Federal University of Para, Belem, Para, Brazil.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Brazilian Avian Genome Consortium (CNPq/FAPESPA-SISBIO Aves), Federal University of Para, Belem, Para</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Para</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lovell, Peter V" sort="Lovell, Peter V" uniqKey="Lovell P" first="Peter V." last="Lovell">Peter V. Lovell</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A35">Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Oregon</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wirthlin, Morgan" sort="Wirthlin, Morgan" uniqKey="Wirthlin M" first="Morgan" last="Wirthlin">Morgan Wirthlin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A35">Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Oregon</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schneider, Maria Paula Cruz" sort="Schneider, Maria Paula Cruz" uniqKey="Schneider M" first="Maria Paula Cruz" last="Schneider">Maria Paula Cruz Schneider</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A36">Brazilian Avian Genome Consortium (CNPq/FAPESPA-SISBIO Aves), Federal University of Para, Belem, Para, Brazil.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Brazilian Avian Genome Consortium (CNPq/FAPESPA-SISBIO Aves), Federal University of Para, Belem, Para</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Para</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A37">Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belem, Para, Brazil.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belem, Para</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Para</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Prosdocimi, Francisco" sort="Prosdocimi, Francisco" uniqKey="Prosdocimi F" first="Francisco" last="Prosdocimi">Francisco Prosdocimi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A36">Brazilian Avian Genome Consortium (CNPq/FAPESPA-SISBIO Aves), Federal University of Para, Belem, Para, Brazil.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Brazilian Avian Genome Consortium (CNPq/FAPESPA-SISBIO Aves), Federal University of Para, Belem, Para</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Para</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A38">Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-902, Brazil.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-902</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-902</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Samaniego, Jose Alfredo" sort="Samaniego, Jose Alfredo" uniqKey="Samaniego J" first="José Alfredo" last="Samaniego">José Alfredo Samaniego</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A6">Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Velazquez, Amhed Missael Vargas" sort="Velazquez, Amhed Missael Vargas" uniqKey="Velazquez A" first="Amhed Missael Vargas" last="Velazquez">Amhed Missael Vargas Velazquez</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A6">Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alfaro Nu Ez, Alonzo" sort="Alfaro Nu Ez, Alonzo" uniqKey="Alfaro Nu Ez A" first="Alonzo" last="Alfaro-Nú Ez">Alonzo Alfaro-Nú Ez</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A6">Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Campos, Paula F" sort="Campos, Paula F" uniqKey="Campos P" first="Paula F." last="Campos">Paula F. Campos</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A6">Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Petersen, Bent" sort="Petersen, Bent" uniqKey="Petersen B" first="Bent" last="Petersen">Bent Petersen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A39">Centre for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark Kemitorvet 208, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark Kemitorvet 208, 2800 Kgs Lyngby</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>2800 Kgs Lyngby</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sicheritz Ponten, Thomas" sort="Sicheritz Ponten, Thomas" uniqKey="Sicheritz Ponten T" first="Thomas" last="Sicheritz-Ponten">Thomas Sicheritz-Ponten</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A39">Centre for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark Kemitorvet 208, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark Kemitorvet 208, 2800 Kgs Lyngby</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>2800 Kgs Lyngby</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pas, An" sort="Pas, An" uniqKey="Pas A" first="An" last="Pas">An Pas</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A40">Breeding Centre for Endangered Arabian Wildlife, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Émirats arabes unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Breeding Centre for Endangered Arabian Wildlife, Sharjah</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Sharjah</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bailey, Tom" sort="Bailey, Tom" uniqKey="Bailey T" first="Tom" last="Bailey">Tom Bailey</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A41">Dubai Falcon Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Émirats arabes unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Dubai Falcon Hospital, Dubai</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Dubai</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Scofield, Paul" sort="Scofield, Paul" uniqKey="Scofield P" first="Paul" last="Scofield">Paul Scofield</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A42">Canterbury Museum Rolleston Avenue, Christchurch 8050, New Zealand.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Nouvelle-Zélande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Canterbury Museum Rolleston Avenue, Christchurch 8050</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Christchurch 8050</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bunce, Michael" sort="Bunce, Michael" uniqKey="Bunce M" first="Michael" last="Bunce">Michael Bunce</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A43">Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Western Australia 6102</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lambert, David M" sort="Lambert, David M" uniqKey="Lambert D" first="David M." last="Lambert">David M. Lambert</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A16">Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Queensland 4111</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhou, Qi" sort="Zhou, Qi" uniqKey="Zhou Q" first="Qi" last="Zhou">Qi Zhou</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A44">Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Perelman, Polina" sort="Perelman, Polina" uniqKey="Perelman P" first="Polina" last="Perelman">Polina Perelman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A45">Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute Frederick, MD 21702, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute Frederick, MD 21702</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A46">Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, SB RAS and Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Russie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, SB RAS and Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk</wicri:regionArea>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Driskell, Amy C" sort="Driskell, Amy C" uniqKey="Driskell A" first="Amy C." last="Driskell">Amy C. Driskell</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A47">Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20013, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20013</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">District de Columbia</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shapiro, Beth" sort="Shapiro, Beth" uniqKey="Shapiro B" first="Beth" last="Shapiro">Beth Shapiro</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A26">Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC), Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC), Santa Cruz, CA 95064</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xiong, Zijun" sort="Xiong, Zijun" uniqKey="Xiong Z" first="Zijun" last="Xiong">Zijun Xiong</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Shenzhen</settlement>
<region type="province">Guangdong</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zeng, Yongli" sort="Zeng, Yongli" uniqKey="Zeng Y" first="Yongli" last="Zeng">Yongli Zeng</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Shenzhen</settlement>
<region type="province">Guangdong</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Shiping" sort="Liu, Shiping" uniqKey="Liu S" first="Shiping" last="Liu">Shiping Liu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Shenzhen</settlement>
<region type="province">Guangdong</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Zhenyu" sort="Li, Zhenyu" uniqKey="Li Z" first="Zhenyu" last="Li">Zhenyu Li</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Shenzhen</settlement>
<region type="province">Guangdong</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Binghang" sort="Liu, Binghang" uniqKey="Liu B" first="Binghang" last="Liu">Binghang Liu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Shenzhen</settlement>
<region type="province">Guangdong</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wu, Kui" sort="Wu, Kui" uniqKey="Wu K" first="Kui" last="Wu">Kui Wu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Shenzhen</settlement>
<region type="province">Guangdong</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xiao, Jin" sort="Xiao, Jin" uniqKey="Xiao J" first="Jin" last="Xiao">Jin Xiao</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Shenzhen</settlement>
<region type="province">Guangdong</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yinqi, Xiong" sort="Yinqi, Xiong" uniqKey="Yinqi X" first="Xiong" last="Yinqi">Xiong Yinqi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Shenzhen</settlement>
<region type="province">Guangdong</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zheng, Qiuemei" sort="Zheng, Qiuemei" uniqKey="Zheng Q" first="Qiuemei" last="Zheng">Qiuemei Zheng</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Shenzhen</settlement>
<region type="province">Guangdong</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Yong" sort="Zhang, Yong" uniqKey="Zhang Y" first="Yong" last="Zhang">Yong Zhang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Shenzhen</settlement>
<region type="province">Guangdong</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yang, Huanming" sort="Yang, Huanming" uniqKey="Yang H" first="Huanming" last="Yang">Huanming Yang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A48">BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Shenzhen</settlement>
<region type="province">Guangdong</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Jian" sort="Wang, Jian" uniqKey="Wang J" first="Jian" last="Wang">Jian Wang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A48">BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Shenzhen</settlement>
<region type="province">Guangdong</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smeds, Linnea" sort="Smeds, Linnea" uniqKey="Smeds L" first="Linnea" last="Smeds">Linnea Smeds</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala Sweden.</nlm:aff>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Uppsala</orgName>
<country>Suède</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Uppsala</settlement>
<region nuts="1">Svealand</region>
<region nuts="1">East Middle Sweden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rheindt, Frank E" sort="Rheindt, Frank E" uniqKey="Rheindt F" first="Frank E." last="Rheindt">Frank E. Rheindt</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A49">Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore.</nlm:aff>
<orgName type="university">Université nationale de Singapour</orgName>
<country>Singapour</country>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Braun, Michael" sort="Braun, Michael" uniqKey="Braun M" first="Michael" last="Braun">Michael Braun</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A50">Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Suitland, MD 20746, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Suitland, MD 20746</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fjeldsa, Jon" sort="Fjeldsa, Jon" uniqKey="Fjeldsa J" first="Jon" last="Fjeldsa">Jon Fjeldsa</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A51">Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Orlando, Ludovic" sort="Orlando, Ludovic" uniqKey="Orlando L" first="Ludovic" last="Orlando">Ludovic Orlando</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A6">Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barker, F Keith" sort="Barker, F Keith" uniqKey="Barker F" first="F. Keith" last="Barker">F. Keith Barker</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A52">Bell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Bell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Minnesota</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="J Nsson, Knud Andreas" sort="J Nsson, Knud Andreas" uniqKey="J Nsson K" first="Knud Andreas" last="J Nsson">Knud Andreas J Nsson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A51">Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A53">Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>London SW7 5BD</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A54">Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ascot SL5 7PY</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Johnson, Warren" sort="Johnson, Warren" uniqKey="Johnson W" first="Warren" last="Johnson">Warren Johnson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A55">Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, VA 22630</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Virginie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Koepfli, Klaus Peter" sort="Koepfli, Klaus Peter" uniqKey="Koepfli K" first="Klaus-Peter" last="Koepfli">Klaus-Peter Koepfli</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A56">Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC 20008, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC 20008</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">District de Columbia</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="O Rien, Stephen" sort="O Rien, Stephen" uniqKey="O Rien S" first="Stephen" last="O Rien">Stephen O Rien</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A57">Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia 199004.</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Russia 199004.</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A58">Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33004, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33004</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Floride</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Haussler, David" sort="Haussler, David" uniqKey="Haussler D" first="David" last="Haussler">David Haussler</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A59">Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, UCSC, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, UCSC, Santa Cruz, CA 95064</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ryder, Oliver A" sort="Ryder, Oliver A" uniqKey="Ryder O" first="Oliver A." last="Ryder">Oliver A. Ryder</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A60">San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research, Escondido, CA 92027, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research, Escondido, CA 92027</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rahbek, Carsten" sort="Rahbek, Carsten" uniqKey="Rahbek C" first="Carsten" last="Rahbek">Carsten Rahbek</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A51">Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A54">Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ascot SL5 7PY</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Willerslev, Eske" sort="Willerslev, Eske" uniqKey="Willerslev E" first="Eske" last="Willerslev">Eske Willerslev</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A6">Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Graves, Gary R" sort="Graves, Gary R" uniqKey="Graves G" first="Gary R." last="Graves">Gary R. Graves</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A51">Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A61">Department of Vertebrate Zoology, MRC-116, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Vertebrate Zoology, MRC-116, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">District de Columbia</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Glenn, Travis C" sort="Glenn, Travis C" uniqKey="Glenn T" first="Travis C." last="Glenn">Travis C. Glenn</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A62">Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mccormack, John" sort="Mccormack, John" uniqKey="Mccormack J" first="John" last="Mccormack">John Mccormack</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A63">Moore Laboratory of Zoology and Department of Biology, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA 90041, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Moore Laboratory of Zoology and Department of Biology, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA 90041</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Burt, Dave" sort="Burt, Dave" uniqKey="Burt D" first="Dave" last="Burt">Dave Burt</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A64">Department of Genomics and Genetics, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Genomics and Genetics, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ellegren, Hans" sort="Ellegren, Hans" uniqKey="Ellegren H" first="Hans" last="Ellegren">Hans Ellegren</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala Sweden.</nlm:aff>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Uppsala</orgName>
<country>Suède</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Uppsala</settlement>
<region nuts="1">Svealand</region>
<region nuts="1">East Middle Sweden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alstrom, Per" sort="Alstrom, Per" uniqKey="Alstrom P" first="Per" last="Alström">Per Alström</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A65">Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Box 7007, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Box 7007, SE-750 07 Uppsala</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>SE-750 07 Uppsala</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A66">Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Edwards, Scott V" sort="Edwards, Scott V" uniqKey="Edwards S" first="Scott V." last="Edwards">Scott V. Edwards</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A67">Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
<settlement type="city">Cambridge (Massachusetts)</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université Harvard</orgName>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A77">Centre for Social Evolution, Department of Biology, Universitetsparken 15, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.</nlm:aff>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds</title>
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<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Mirarab, Siavash" sort="Mirarab, Siavash" uniqKey="Mirarab S" first="Siavash" last="Mirarab">Siavash Mirarab</name>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Bo" sort="Li, Bo" uniqKey="Li B" first="Bo" last="Li">Bo Li</name>
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</placeName>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A5">College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an 710061, China.</nlm:aff>
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<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Danemark</country>
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<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Nouveau-Mexique</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Cai" sort="Li, Cai" uniqKey="Li C" first="Cai" last="Li">Cai Li</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country>
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</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A6">Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Danemark</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Ho, Simon Y W" sort="Ho, Simon Y W" uniqKey="Ho S" first="Simon Y. W." last="Ho">Simon Y. W. Ho</name>
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<wicri:regionArea>School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006</wicri:regionArea>
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<placeName><settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement>
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</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Faircloth, Brant C" sort="Faircloth, Brant C" uniqKey="Faircloth B" first="Brant C." last="Faircloth">Brant C. Faircloth</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A9">Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A10">Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Louisiane</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nabholz, Benoit" sort="Nabholz, Benoit" uniqKey="Nabholz B" first="Benoit" last="Nabholz">Benoit Nabholz</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">France</country>
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<wicri:noRegion>Université Montpellier II Montpellier</wicri:noRegion>
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<author><name sortKey="Howard, Jason T" sort="Howard, Jason T" uniqKey="Howard J" first="Jason T." last="Howard">Jason T. Howard</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Suh, Alexander" sort="Suh, Alexander" uniqKey="Suh A" first="Alexander" last="Suh">Alexander Suh</name>
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<country>Suède</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Uppsala</settlement>
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</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Weber, Claudia C" sort="Weber, Claudia C" uniqKey="Weber C" first="Claudia C." last="Weber">Claudia C. Weber</name>
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<orgName type="university">Université d'Uppsala</orgName>
<country>Suède</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Uppsala</settlement>
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<region nuts="1">East Middle Sweden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Da Fonseca, Rute R" sort="Da Fonseca, Rute R" uniqKey="Da Fonseca R" first="Rute R." last="Da Fonseca">Rute R. Da Fonseca</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement>
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</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Li, Jianwen" sort="Li, Jianwen" uniqKey="Li J" first="Jianwen" last="Li">Jianwen Li</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country>
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</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Fang" sort="Zhang, Fang" uniqKey="Zhang F" first="Fang" last="Zhang">Fang Zhang</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country>
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</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Hui" sort="Li, Hui" uniqKey="Li H" first="Hui" last="Li">Hui Li</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country>
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</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhou, Long" sort="Zhou, Long" uniqKey="Zhou L" first="Long" last="Zhou">Long Zhou</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country>
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</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Narula, Nitish" sort="Narula, Nitish" uniqKey="Narula N" first="Nitish" last="Narula">Nitish Narula</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Nouveau-Mexique</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A13">Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Okinawa 904-0495</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Liang" sort="Liu, Liang" uniqKey="Liu L" first="Liang" last="Liu">Liang Liu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A14">Department of Statistics and Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Statistics and Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ganapathy, Ganesh" sort="Ganapathy, Ganesh" uniqKey="Ganapathy G" first="Ganesh" last="Ganapathy">Ganesh Ganapathy</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Boussau, Bastien" sort="Boussau, Bastien" uniqKey="Boussau B" first="Bastien" last="Boussau">Bastien Boussau</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A15">Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region>
<region type="old region" nuts="2">Rhône-Alpes</region>
<settlement type="city">Villeurbanne</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bayzid, Md Shamsuzzoha" sort="Bayzid, Md Shamsuzzoha" uniqKey="Bayzid M" first="Md. Shamsuzzoha" last="Bayzid">Md. Shamsuzzoha Bayzid</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Computer Science, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Computer Science, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Texas</region>
<settlement type="city">Austin (Texas)</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université du Texas à Austin</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zavidovych, Volodymyr" sort="Zavidovych, Volodymyr" uniqKey="Zavidovych V" first="Volodymyr" last="Zavidovych">Volodymyr Zavidovych</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Subramanian, Sankar" sort="Subramanian, Sankar" uniqKey="Subramanian S" first="Sankar" last="Subramanian">Sankar Subramanian</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A16">Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Queensland 4111</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gabald N, Toni" sort="Gabald N, Toni" uniqKey="Gabald N T" first="Toni" last="Gabald N">Toni Gabald N</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A17">Bioinformatics and Genomics Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Bioinformatics and Genomics Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A18">Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region>
<settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université Pompeu Fabra</orgName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A19">Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Capella Gutierrez, Salvador" sort="Capella Gutierrez, Salvador" uniqKey="Capella Gutierrez S" first="Salvador" last="Capella-Gutiérrez">Salvador Capella-Gutiérrez</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A17">Bioinformatics and Genomics Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Bioinformatics and Genomics Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A18">Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region>
<settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université Pompeu Fabra</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Huerta Cepas, Jaime" sort="Huerta Cepas, Jaime" uniqKey="Huerta Cepas J" first="Jaime" last="Huerta-Cepas">Jaime Huerta-Cepas</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A17">Bioinformatics and Genomics Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Bioinformatics and Genomics Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A18">Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region>
<settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université Pompeu Fabra</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rekepalli, Bhanu" sort="Rekepalli, Bhanu" uniqKey="Rekepalli B" first="Bhanu" last="Rekepalli">Bhanu Rekepalli</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A20">Joint Institute for Computational Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Joint Institute for Computational Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Tennessee</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Munch, Kasper" sort="Munch, Kasper" uniqKey="Munch K" first="Kasper" last="Munch">Kasper Munch</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A21">Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>DK-8000 Aarhus C</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schierup, Mikkel" sort="Schierup, Mikkel" uniqKey="Schierup M" first="Mikkel" last="Schierup">Mikkel Schierup</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A21">Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>DK-8000 Aarhus C</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lindow, Bent" sort="Lindow, Bent" uniqKey="Lindow B" first="Bent" last="Lindow">Bent Lindow</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A6">Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Warren, Wesley C" sort="Warren, Wesley C" uniqKey="Warren W" first="Wesley C." last="Warren">Wesley C. Warren</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A22">The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MI 63108, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MI 63108</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Michigan</region>
<settlement type="city">Saint-Louis (Missouri)</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">École de médecine (Université Washington de Saint-Louis)</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ray, David" sort="Ray, David" uniqKey="Ray D" first="David" last="Ray">David Ray</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A23">Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État du Mississippi</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A24">Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État du Mississippi</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A25">Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Texas</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Green, Richard E" sort="Green, Richard E" uniqKey="Green R" first="Richard E." last="Green">Richard E. Green</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A26">Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC), Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC), Santa Cruz, CA 95064</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bruford, Michael W" sort="Bruford, Michael W" uniqKey="Bruford M" first="Michael W." last="Bruford">Michael W. Bruford</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A27">Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Wales</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhan, Xiangjiang" sort="Zhan, Xiangjiang" uniqKey="Zhan X" first="Xiangjiang" last="Zhan">Xiangjiang Zhan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A27">Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Wales</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A28">Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dixon, Andrew" sort="Dixon, Andrew" uniqKey="Dixon A" first="Andrew" last="Dixon">Andrew Dixon</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A29">International Wildlife Consultants, Carmarthen SA33 5YL, Wales, UK.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>International Wildlife Consultants, Carmarthen SA33 5YL, Wales</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Wales</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Shengbin" sort="Li, Shengbin" uniqKey="Li S" first="Shengbin" last="Li">Shengbin Li</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A30">College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an, 710061, China.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an, 710061</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>710061</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Ning" sort="Li, Ning" uniqKey="Li N" first="Ning" last="Li">Ning Li</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A31">State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Huang, Yinhua" sort="Huang, Yinhua" uniqKey="Huang Y" first="Yinhua" last="Huang">Yinhua Huang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A31">State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Derryberry, Elizabeth P" sort="Derryberry, Elizabeth P" uniqKey="Derryberry E" first="Elizabeth P." last="Derryberry">Elizabeth P. Derryberry</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A32">Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Louisiane</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A33">Museum of Natural Science and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Museum of Natural Science and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Louisiane</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bertelsen, Mads Frost" sort="Bertelsen, Mads Frost" uniqKey="Bertelsen M" first="Mads Frost" last="Bertelsen">Mads Frost Bertelsen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A34">Center for Zoo and Wild Animal Health, Copenhagen Zoo Roskildevej 38, DK-2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Zoo and Wild Animal Health, Copenhagen Zoo Roskildevej 38, DK-2000 Frederiksberg</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>DK-2000 Frederiksberg</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sheldon, Frederick H" sort="Sheldon, Frederick H" uniqKey="Sheldon F" first="Frederick H." last="Sheldon">Frederick H. Sheldon</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A33">Museum of Natural Science and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Museum of Natural Science and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Louisiane</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brumfield, Robb T" sort="Brumfield, Robb T" uniqKey="Brumfield R" first="Robb T." last="Brumfield">Robb T. Brumfield</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A33">Museum of Natural Science and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Museum of Natural Science and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Louisiane</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mello, Claudio V" sort="Mello, Claudio V" uniqKey="Mello C" first="Claudio V." last="Mello">Claudio V. Mello</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A35">Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Oregon</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A36">Brazilian Avian Genome Consortium (CNPq/FAPESPA-SISBIO Aves), Federal University of Para, Belem, Para, Brazil.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Brazilian Avian Genome Consortium (CNPq/FAPESPA-SISBIO Aves), Federal University of Para, Belem, Para</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Para</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lovell, Peter V" sort="Lovell, Peter V" uniqKey="Lovell P" first="Peter V." last="Lovell">Peter V. Lovell</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A35">Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Oregon</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wirthlin, Morgan" sort="Wirthlin, Morgan" uniqKey="Wirthlin M" first="Morgan" last="Wirthlin">Morgan Wirthlin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A35">Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Oregon</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schneider, Maria Paula Cruz" sort="Schneider, Maria Paula Cruz" uniqKey="Schneider M" first="Maria Paula Cruz" last="Schneider">Maria Paula Cruz Schneider</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A36">Brazilian Avian Genome Consortium (CNPq/FAPESPA-SISBIO Aves), Federal University of Para, Belem, Para, Brazil.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Brazilian Avian Genome Consortium (CNPq/FAPESPA-SISBIO Aves), Federal University of Para, Belem, Para</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Para</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A37">Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belem, Para, Brazil.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belem, Para</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Para</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Prosdocimi, Francisco" sort="Prosdocimi, Francisco" uniqKey="Prosdocimi F" first="Francisco" last="Prosdocimi">Francisco Prosdocimi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A36">Brazilian Avian Genome Consortium (CNPq/FAPESPA-SISBIO Aves), Federal University of Para, Belem, Para, Brazil.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Brazilian Avian Genome Consortium (CNPq/FAPESPA-SISBIO Aves), Federal University of Para, Belem, Para</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Para</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A38">Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-902, Brazil.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-902</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-902</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Samaniego, Jose Alfredo" sort="Samaniego, Jose Alfredo" uniqKey="Samaniego J" first="José Alfredo" last="Samaniego">José Alfredo Samaniego</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A6">Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Velazquez, Amhed Missael Vargas" sort="Velazquez, Amhed Missael Vargas" uniqKey="Velazquez A" first="Amhed Missael Vargas" last="Velazquez">Amhed Missael Vargas Velazquez</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A6">Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alfaro Nu Ez, Alonzo" sort="Alfaro Nu Ez, Alonzo" uniqKey="Alfaro Nu Ez A" first="Alonzo" last="Alfaro-Nú Ez">Alonzo Alfaro-Nú Ez</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A6">Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Campos, Paula F" sort="Campos, Paula F" uniqKey="Campos P" first="Paula F." last="Campos">Paula F. Campos</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A6">Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Petersen, Bent" sort="Petersen, Bent" uniqKey="Petersen B" first="Bent" last="Petersen">Bent Petersen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A39">Centre for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark Kemitorvet 208, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark Kemitorvet 208, 2800 Kgs Lyngby</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>2800 Kgs Lyngby</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sicheritz Ponten, Thomas" sort="Sicheritz Ponten, Thomas" uniqKey="Sicheritz Ponten T" first="Thomas" last="Sicheritz-Ponten">Thomas Sicheritz-Ponten</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A39">Centre for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark Kemitorvet 208, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark Kemitorvet 208, 2800 Kgs Lyngby</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>2800 Kgs Lyngby</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pas, An" sort="Pas, An" uniqKey="Pas A" first="An" last="Pas">An Pas</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A40">Breeding Centre for Endangered Arabian Wildlife, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Émirats arabes unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Breeding Centre for Endangered Arabian Wildlife, Sharjah</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Sharjah</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bailey, Tom" sort="Bailey, Tom" uniqKey="Bailey T" first="Tom" last="Bailey">Tom Bailey</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A41">Dubai Falcon Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Émirats arabes unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Dubai Falcon Hospital, Dubai</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Dubai</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Scofield, Paul" sort="Scofield, Paul" uniqKey="Scofield P" first="Paul" last="Scofield">Paul Scofield</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A42">Canterbury Museum Rolleston Avenue, Christchurch 8050, New Zealand.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Nouvelle-Zélande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Canterbury Museum Rolleston Avenue, Christchurch 8050</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Christchurch 8050</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bunce, Michael" sort="Bunce, Michael" uniqKey="Bunce M" first="Michael" last="Bunce">Michael Bunce</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A43">Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Western Australia 6102</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lambert, David M" sort="Lambert, David M" uniqKey="Lambert D" first="David M." last="Lambert">David M. Lambert</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A16">Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Queensland 4111</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhou, Qi" sort="Zhou, Qi" uniqKey="Zhou Q" first="Qi" last="Zhou">Qi Zhou</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A44">Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Perelman, Polina" sort="Perelman, Polina" uniqKey="Perelman P" first="Polina" last="Perelman">Polina Perelman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A45">Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute Frederick, MD 21702, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute Frederick, MD 21702</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A46">Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, SB RAS and Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Russie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, SB RAS and Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Novosibirsk</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Driskell, Amy C" sort="Driskell, Amy C" uniqKey="Driskell A" first="Amy C." last="Driskell">Amy C. Driskell</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A47">Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20013, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20013</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">District de Columbia</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shapiro, Beth" sort="Shapiro, Beth" uniqKey="Shapiro B" first="Beth" last="Shapiro">Beth Shapiro</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A26">Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC), Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC), Santa Cruz, CA 95064</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xiong, Zijun" sort="Xiong, Zijun" uniqKey="Xiong Z" first="Zijun" last="Xiong">Zijun Xiong</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Shenzhen</settlement>
<region type="province">Guangdong</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zeng, Yongli" sort="Zeng, Yongli" uniqKey="Zeng Y" first="Yongli" last="Zeng">Yongli Zeng</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Shenzhen</settlement>
<region type="province">Guangdong</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Shiping" sort="Liu, Shiping" uniqKey="Liu S" first="Shiping" last="Liu">Shiping Liu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Shenzhen</settlement>
<region type="province">Guangdong</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Zhenyu" sort="Li, Zhenyu" uniqKey="Li Z" first="Zhenyu" last="Li">Zhenyu Li</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Shenzhen</settlement>
<region type="province">Guangdong</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Binghang" sort="Liu, Binghang" uniqKey="Liu B" first="Binghang" last="Liu">Binghang Liu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Shenzhen</settlement>
<region type="province">Guangdong</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wu, Kui" sort="Wu, Kui" uniqKey="Wu K" first="Kui" last="Wu">Kui Wu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Shenzhen</settlement>
<region type="province">Guangdong</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xiao, Jin" sort="Xiao, Jin" uniqKey="Xiao J" first="Jin" last="Xiao">Jin Xiao</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Shenzhen</settlement>
<region type="province">Guangdong</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yinqi, Xiong" sort="Yinqi, Xiong" uniqKey="Yinqi X" first="Xiong" last="Yinqi">Xiong Yinqi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Shenzhen</settlement>
<region type="province">Guangdong</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zheng, Qiuemei" sort="Zheng, Qiuemei" uniqKey="Zheng Q" first="Qiuemei" last="Zheng">Qiuemei Zheng</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Shenzhen</settlement>
<region type="province">Guangdong</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Yong" sort="Zhang, Yong" uniqKey="Zhang Y" first="Yong" last="Zhang">Yong Zhang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Shenzhen</settlement>
<region type="province">Guangdong</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yang, Huanming" sort="Yang, Huanming" uniqKey="Yang H" first="Huanming" last="Yang">Huanming Yang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A48">BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Shenzhen</settlement>
<region type="province">Guangdong</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Jian" sort="Wang, Jian" uniqKey="Wang J" first="Jian" last="Wang">Jian Wang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A48">BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Shenzhen</settlement>
<region type="province">Guangdong</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smeds, Linnea" sort="Smeds, Linnea" uniqKey="Smeds L" first="Linnea" last="Smeds">Linnea Smeds</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala Sweden.</nlm:aff>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Uppsala</orgName>
<country>Suède</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Uppsala</settlement>
<region nuts="1">Svealand</region>
<region nuts="1">East Middle Sweden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rheindt, Frank E" sort="Rheindt, Frank E" uniqKey="Rheindt F" first="Frank E." last="Rheindt">Frank E. Rheindt</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A49">Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore.</nlm:aff>
<orgName type="university">Université nationale de Singapour</orgName>
<country>Singapour</country>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Braun, Michael" sort="Braun, Michael" uniqKey="Braun M" first="Michael" last="Braun">Michael Braun</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A50">Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Suitland, MD 20746, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Suitland, MD 20746</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fjeldsa, Jon" sort="Fjeldsa, Jon" uniqKey="Fjeldsa J" first="Jon" last="Fjeldsa">Jon Fjeldsa</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A51">Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Orlando, Ludovic" sort="Orlando, Ludovic" uniqKey="Orlando L" first="Ludovic" last="Orlando">Ludovic Orlando</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A6">Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barker, F Keith" sort="Barker, F Keith" uniqKey="Barker F" first="F. Keith" last="Barker">F. Keith Barker</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A52">Bell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Bell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Minnesota</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="J Nsson, Knud Andreas" sort="J Nsson, Knud Andreas" uniqKey="J Nsson K" first="Knud Andreas" last="J Nsson">Knud Andreas J Nsson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A51">Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A53">Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>London SW7 5BD</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A54">Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ascot SL5 7PY</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Johnson, Warren" sort="Johnson, Warren" uniqKey="Johnson W" first="Warren" last="Johnson">Warren Johnson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A55">Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, VA 22630</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Virginie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Koepfli, Klaus Peter" sort="Koepfli, Klaus Peter" uniqKey="Koepfli K" first="Klaus-Peter" last="Koepfli">Klaus-Peter Koepfli</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A56">Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC 20008, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC 20008</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">District de Columbia</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="O Rien, Stephen" sort="O Rien, Stephen" uniqKey="O Rien S" first="Stephen" last="O Rien">Stephen O Rien</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A57">Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia 199004.</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Russia 199004.</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A58">Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33004, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33004</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Floride</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Haussler, David" sort="Haussler, David" uniqKey="Haussler D" first="David" last="Haussler">David Haussler</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A59">Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, UCSC, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, UCSC, Santa Cruz, CA 95064</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ryder, Oliver A" sort="Ryder, Oliver A" uniqKey="Ryder O" first="Oliver A." last="Ryder">Oliver A. Ryder</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A60">San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research, Escondido, CA 92027, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research, Escondido, CA 92027</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rahbek, Carsten" sort="Rahbek, Carsten" uniqKey="Rahbek C" first="Carsten" last="Rahbek">Carsten Rahbek</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Danemark</country>
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<wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A54">Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ascot SL5 7PY</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Willerslev, Eske" sort="Willerslev, Eske" uniqKey="Willerslev E" first="Eske" last="Willerslev">Eske Willerslev</name>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Graves, Gary R" sort="Graves, Gary R" uniqKey="Graves G" first="Gary R." last="Graves">Gary R. Graves</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Danemark</country>
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<wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A61">Department of Vertebrate Zoology, MRC-116, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Vertebrate Zoology, MRC-116, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">District de Columbia</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Glenn, Travis C" sort="Glenn, Travis C" uniqKey="Glenn T" first="Travis C." last="Glenn">Travis C. Glenn</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
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<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A63">Moore Laboratory of Zoology and Department of Biology, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA 90041, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Moore Laboratory of Zoology and Department of Biology, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA 90041</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Burt, Dave" sort="Burt, Dave" uniqKey="Burt D" first="Dave" last="Burt">Dave Burt</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A64">Department of Genomics and Genetics, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Genomics and Genetics, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ellegren, Hans" sort="Ellegren, Hans" uniqKey="Ellegren H" first="Hans" last="Ellegren">Hans Ellegren</name>
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<orgName type="university">Université d'Uppsala</orgName>
<country>Suède</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Uppsala</settlement>
<region nuts="1">Svealand</region>
<region nuts="1">East Middle Sweden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alstrom, Per" sort="Alstrom, Per" uniqKey="Alstrom P" first="Per" last="Alström">Per Alström</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A65">Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Box 7007, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Box 7007, SE-750 07 Uppsala</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>SE-750 07 Uppsala</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A66">Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Edwards, Scott V" sort="Edwards, Scott V" uniqKey="Edwards S" first="Scott V." last="Edwards">Scott V. Edwards</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A67">Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
<settlement type="city">Cambridge (Massachusetts)</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université Harvard</orgName>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stamatakis, Alexandros" sort="Stamatakis, Alexandros" uniqKey="Stamatakis A" first="Alexandros" last="Stamatakis">Alexandros Stamatakis</name>
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<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region>
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<settlement type="city">Heidelberg</settlement>
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</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A68">Institute of Theoretical Informatics, Department of Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D- 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Theoretical Informatics, Department of Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D- 76131 Karlsruhe</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Karlsruhe</region>
<settlement type="city">Karlsruhe</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mindell, David P" sort="Mindell, David P" uniqKey="Mindell D" first="David P." last="Mindell">David P. Mindell</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A69">Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cracraft, Joel" sort="Cracraft, Joel" uniqKey="Cracraft J" first="Joel" last="Cracraft">Joel Cracraft</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A70">Department of Ornithology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Ornithology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Braun, Edward L" sort="Braun, Edward L" uniqKey="Braun E" first="Edward L." last="Braun">Edward L. Braun</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A71">Department of Biology and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Floride</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Warnow, Tandy" sort="Warnow, Tandy" uniqKey="Warnow T" first="Tandy" last="Warnow">Tandy Warnow</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Computer Science, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Computer Science, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Texas</region>
<settlement type="city">Austin (Texas)</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université du Texas à Austin</orgName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A72">Departments of Bioengineering and Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departments of Bioengineering and Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jun, Wang" sort="Jun, Wang" uniqKey="Jun W" first="Wang" last="Jun">Wang Jun</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A48">BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country>
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<region type="province">Guangdong</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A73">Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A74">Princess Al Jawhara Center of Excellence in the Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Arabie saoudite</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Princess Al Jawhara Center of Excellence in the Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589</wicri:regionArea>
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</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A75">Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai long, Taipa, Macau 999078, China.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai long, Taipa, Macau 999078</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Macau 999078</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A76">Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Hong Kong</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>University of Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gilbert, M Thomas P" sort="Gilbert, M Thomas P" uniqKey="Gilbert M" first="M. Thomas P." last="Gilbert">M. Thomas P. Gilbert</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A6">Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A43">Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Western Australia 6102</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Guojie" sort="Zhang, Guojie" uniqKey="Zhang G" first="Guojie" last="Zhang">Guojie Zhang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Shenzhen</settlement>
<region type="province">Guangdong</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A77">Centre for Social Evolution, Department of Biology, Universitetsparken 15, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Social Evolution, Department of Biology, Universitetsparken 15, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Science (New York, N.Y.)</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0036-8075</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1095-9203</idno>
<imprint><date when="2014">2014</date>
</imprint>
</series>
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<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term>
<term>Avian Proteins (genetics)</term>
<term>Base Sequence</term>
<term>Biological Evolution</term>
<term>Birds (classification)</term>
<term>Birds (genetics)</term>
<term>DNA Transposable Elements</term>
<term>Genes</term>
<term>Genetic Speciation</term>
<term>Genome</term>
<term>INDEL Mutation</term>
<term>Introns</term>
<term>Phylogeny</term>
<term>Sequence Analysis, DNA</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Analyse de séquence d'ADN</term>
<term>Animaux</term>
<term>Gènes</term>
<term>Génome</term>
<term>Introns</term>
<term>Mutation de type INDEL</term>
<term>Oiseaux ()</term>
<term>Oiseaux (génétique)</term>
<term>Phylogénie</term>
<term>Protéines aviaires (génétique)</term>
<term>Spéciation génétique</term>
<term>Séquence nucléotidique</term>
<term>Éléments transposables d'ADN</term>
<term>Évolution biologique</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Avian Proteins</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="classification" xml:lang="en"><term>Birds</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Birds</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Oiseaux</term>
<term>Protéines aviaires</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term>
<term>Base Sequence</term>
<term>Biological Evolution</term>
<term>DNA Transposable Elements</term>
<term>Genes</term>
<term>Genetic Speciation</term>
<term>Genome</term>
<term>INDEL Mutation</term>
<term>Introns</term>
<term>Phylogeny</term>
<term>Sequence Analysis, DNA</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Analyse de séquence d'ADN</term>
<term>Animaux</term>
<term>Gènes</term>
<term>Génome</term>
<term>Introns</term>
<term>Mutation de type INDEL</term>
<term>Oiseaux</term>
<term>Phylogénie</term>
<term>Spéciation génétique</term>
<term>Séquence nucléotidique</term>
<term>Éléments transposables d'ADN</term>
<term>Évolution biologique</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P2">To better determine the history of modern birds, we performed a genome-scale phylogenetic analysis of 48 species representing all orders of Neoaves using phylogenomic methods created to handle genome-scale data. We recovered a highly resolved tree that confirms previously controversial sister or close relationships. We identified the first divergence in Neoaves, two groups we named Passerea and Columbea, representing independent lineages of diverse and convergently evolved land and water bird species. Among Passerea, we infer the common ancestor of core landbirds to have been an apex predator and confirm independent gains of vocal learning. Among Columbea, we identify pigeons and flamingoes as belonging to sister clades. Even with whole genomes, some of the earliest branches in Neoaves proved challenging to resolve, which was best explained by massive protein-coding sequence convergence and high levels of incomplete lineage sorting that occurred during a rapid radiation after the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event about 66 million years ago.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
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<orgName><li>Université Harvard</li>
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<tree><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Caroline du Nord"><name sortKey="Jarvis, Erich D" sort="Jarvis, Erich D" uniqKey="Jarvis E" first="Erich D." last="Jarvis">Erich D. Jarvis</name>
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   |texte=   Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds
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Serveur d'exploration sur les relations entre la France et l'Australie

Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds

Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds

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Abstract

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	Serveur d'exploration sur les relations entre la France et l'Australie
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